Analysis of the age-structured epidemiological characteristics of SARS-COV-2 transmission in mainland China: An aggregated approach

¹ Complex Systems Research Center, Shanxi University, ShanXi TaiYuan 030006, PR China.
² Shanxi Key Laboratory of Mathematical Techniques and Big Data Analysis on Disease Control and Prevention, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China.
³ Department of Mathematics, Wilfrid Laurier University, University Avenue, Waterloo N2L 3C5, Canada.
⁴ School of Mathematics and Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453000, PR China.

^* Corresponding author: yjyang66@sxu.edu.cn

Received: 6 May 2020
Accepted: 31 July 2020

Abstract

The novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) has raged in mainland China for nearly three months resulting in a huge threat to people's health and economic development. According to the cumulative numbers of confirmed cases and deathes of SARS-COV-2 infection announced by the National Health Commission of China, we divided the human population into four subgroups including the adolescents group (0–19 yr old), the youth group (20–49 yr old), the middle-aged group (50–74 yr old) and the elderly group (over 75 yr old), and proposed a discrete age-structured SEIHRQ SARS-COV-2 transmission model. We utilized contact matrixes to describe the contact heterogeneities and correlations among different age groups. Adopting the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm, we identified the parameters of the model and fitted the confirmed cases from January 24th to March 31st. Through a more in-depth study, we showed that before January 28th (95% CI [Feb. 25th, Feb. 31st]), the effective reproduction number was greater than 1 and after that day its value was less than 1. Moreover, we estimated that the peak values of infection were 66 (95% CI [65,67]) for the adolescents, 3996 (95% CI [3957,4036]) for the young group, 14714 (95% CI [14692,14735]) for middle-aged group and 297 (95% CI [295,300]) for elderly people, respectively; the proportions of the final sizes of SARS-COV-2 infection accounted for less than 90% for each group. We found that under the current restricted control strategies, the most severe and high-risk group was middle-aged people aged between 50–74 yr old; without any prevention, the most severe and high-risk group had become the young adults aged 20–49 yr old.